FAQ

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  • In vitro diagnostics
  • Products in general
  • Research reagents: antibodies, etc.
  • Research reagents: kit

Anti-endothelin antibody (7631,7632)

Anti-interferon antibodies (7889,7890,7891)

Anti-mouse IgE antibody (7617,7627)

Anti-myosin heavy chain antibody (7599,7600,7601)

  • How are they applied to tissue staining?

    Since results vary with sample types and conditions, please preliminary determine the conditions.
    Stain samples after paraffin removal. In some cases, microwave treatment is needed. Dilute antibodies at ratios of 400-3,000. For specific methods, please see the following publications.

    Masanori Aikawa et al., Redifferentiation of Smooth Muscle Cells After Coronary Angioplasty Determined via Myosin Heavy Chain Expression. Circulation. 1997; 96: 82-90.
    Yoko Nagai et al., Renal vascular walls in patients with preeclampsia superimposed on essential hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 37 (4): 728-35.

  • What is the IgG content in antibodies?

    The amount of antibody has not been measured, because this product is a mouse ascites fraction.

  • How are they applied to Western blotting?

    Since results vary with sample types and conditions, please preliminary determine the conditions.
    Use a dilution factor of 10-1,000 depending on antibodies and samples. Care should be exercised for electrophoresis of large molecules. e.g., SM1 (about 204,000 Da) and SM2 and SMemb (both about 200,000 Da). For specific methods, please see the following publication.

    Makoto Kuro-o et al., cDNA cloning of a myosin heavy chain isoform in embryonic smooth muscle and its expression during vascular development and in arteriosclerosis. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 3768-3773.
    Masanori Aikawa et al., Human smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms as molecular markers for vascular development and atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 1993; 73: 1000-12.

  • What are cross-reactivity and crossing rates of each antibody by animal species?

    For data in humans, mice, rats, and rabbits, please see here. Data in pigs, dogs, and monkeys are unavailable.
    For 7600, 7601, and 7602, the reactivity to mouse antigen remains unknown, because they derive from mice.
    Crossing rates have not been examined, because the cross-reactivity is examined by staining.

Anti-rat IgE antibody (7592,7610)

Mouse anti-DNP-IgE (7676)

7675 Mouse IgE measurement kit “Yamasa” EIA

80072 rat/mouse SP-D kit “Yamasa” EIA

  • Is there anything required for measurement, in addition to the kit?

    The product contains all the necessary reagents. For reagent preparation, stock solutions for washing and enzyme-labeled antibodies are diluted, and coloring reagents A and B are mixed. In addition, general-purpose equipment, such as a micropipette, and a microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance at 450 nm are needed.
    The sample must be diluted, but no pretreatment is needed.

  • Is there any reagent that must be prepared by users?

    The product contains all the necessary reagents. For reagent preparation, stock solutions for washing and enzyme-labeled antibodies are diluted, and coloring reagents A and B are mixed. In addition, general-purpose equipment, such as a micropipette, and a microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance at 450 nm are needed.
    The sample must be diluted, but no pretreatment is needed.

  • Is sample pretreatment required?

    The product contains all the necessary reagents. For reagent preparation, stock solutions for washing and enzyme-labeled antibodies are diluted, and coloring reagents A and B are mixed. In addition, general-purpose equipment, such as a micropipette, and a microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance at 450 nm are needed.
    The sample must be diluted, but no pretreatment is needed.

  • Is it possible to conduct measurement at a longer or shorter reaction time?

    The performance of this product is guaranteed only when measurement is conducted using the reagents enclosed in the product as described in the package insert. Measured results cannot be guaranteed if obtained otherwise.

  • Is it possible to conduct measurement with a larger or smaller sample volume?

    The performance of this product is guaranteed only when measurement is conducted using the reagents enclosed in the product as described in the package insert. Measured results cannot be guaranteed if obtained otherwise.

  • Is it possible to conduct measurement by replacing some reagents with self-made reagents?

    The performance of this product is guaranteed only when measurement is conducted using the reagents enclosed in the product as described in the package insert. Measured results cannot be guaranteed if obtained otherwise.

  • Is it possible to reduce the points for the standard solution or omit the blank (0 ng/mL)?

    No, the standard solution and blank should be simultaneously measured every time, because absorbance varies with measurement conditions, even if the standard solution, blank, and samples of the same concentration are measured.
    Since a standard curve varies with absorbance at each point of the standard solution, measurements need to be conducted at each point.

  • It is possible to use the same standard curve for measurements with products of the same lot?

    No, the standard solution and blank should be simultaneously measured every time, because absorbance varies with measurement conditions, even if the standard solution, blank, and samples of the same concentration are measured.
    Since a standard curve varies with absorbance at each point of the standard solution, measurements need to be conducted at each point.

  • Is it possible to apply a standard curve, previously created, to subsequent measurements?

    No, the standard solution and blank should be simultaneously measured every time, because absorbance varies with measurement conditions, even if the standard solution, blank, and samples of the same concentration are measured.
    Since a standard curve varies with absorbance at each point of the standard solution, measurements need to be conducted at each point.

  • Is it possible to use rat SP-D as a standard solution for other purposes?

    Since the standard solution is supplied in a form suitable for measurement, it cannot be used for other purposes. Rat SP-D protein is not supplied separately.

  • Do you supply rat SP-D protein?

    Since the standard solution is supplied in a form suitable for measurement, it cannot be used for other purposes. Rat SP-D protein is not supplied separately.

  • Do you supply a standard solution for mouse SP-D?

    There is no method to calculate the amount of mouse SP-D from rat SP-D equivalent. We do not supply a standard solution for mouse SP-D.

  • Is there any method to calculate the amount of mouse SP-D from rat SP-D equivalent?

    There is no method to calculate the amount of mouse SP-D from rat SP-D equivalent. We do not supply a standard solution for mouse SP-D.

  • Is the enzyme-labeled antibody enclosed in the product applicable to Western blotting and tissue staining?

    The reagents enclosed in the product are supplied in a form suitable for measurement. Thus, they cannot be used for other purposes.

  • Is it possible to measure SP-D levels in animals other than rats and mice?

    Using the product, SP-D levels can be measured only in rats and mice. Whether or not SP-D levels can be measured in other animal species remain unknown.

  • Do serum SP-D levels vary with rat/mouse species?

    SP-D levels have not been extensively examined in all rat/mouse species.

  • Is it possible to measure SP-D in any sample?

    Considering the measurement principle, rat/mouse SP-D may be detected in various samples under conditions that allow antibody reactions. However, it may not be accurately measured, because the effects of other components and solution conditions have not been examined.
    The reactivity of antibodies may be altered by amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures that differ between naturally-occurring and recombinant proteins. Thus, recombinant proteins may not be measured in the same manner as native forms.
    This product is intended for the measurement of SP-D in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Thus, measurements in other samples cannot be guaranteed.

  • Please specify the recognition site of the antibody used in the product.

    We have not examined the recognition site of the antibody.

  • Is it possible to measure recombinant SP-D?

    Considering the measurement principle, rat/mouse SP-D may be detected in various samples under conditions that allow antibody reactions. However, it may not be accurately measured, because the effects of other components and solution conditions have not been examined.
    The reactivity of antibodies may be altered by amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures that differ between naturally-occurring and recombinant proteins. Thus, recombinant proteins may not be measured in the same manner as native forms.
    This product is intended for the measurement of SP-D in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Thus, measurements in other samples cannot be guaranteed.

  • Is it possible to use sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for measurement at a low dilution ratio?

    Samples, diluted at a lower dilution ratio than that described in the package insert, may not be accurately measured because of the effects of other components in the sample. Thus, measurement needs to be conducted at the dilution ratio described in the package insert.

  • What are the normal values in rats and mice?

    Normal values have not been determined in rats and mice using the product. In addition, SP-D value may vary with breeding and experimental conditions. Be sure to prepare control samples for each test. Measurements with ELISA, a prototype of this product, in normal rats, can be seen here (Note: These are reference values, because they were obtained using a prototype with small sample size.).

  • Are serum SP-D values elevated in rats/mice by damage other than lung injury?

    No report has been published on elevated SP-D values in rats and mice. However, reportedly, SP-D values are elevated by interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitive pneumonitis, and lung cancer lines in humans.